{"id":31652,"date":"2021-10-21T17:28:18","date_gmt":"2021-10-21T14:28:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.natro.com\/blog\/?p=31652"},"modified":"2022-05-25T16:52:02","modified_gmt":"2022-05-25T13:52:02","slug":"internet-nedir-internet-nasil-calisir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.natro.com\/blog\/internet-nedir-internet-nasil-calisir\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130nternet Nedir? \u0130nternet Nas\u0131l \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde yediden yetmi\u015fe her ya\u015ftan bireye hitap eden internet nedir? Ne zaman ve hangi ama\u00e7larla geli\u015ftirildi? \u0130lk kimler kulland\u0131? \u0130nternet nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r? gibi sorular\u0131 merak ediyorsan\u0131z do\u011fru yerdesiniz. Gelin bu sorular\u0131n cevaplar\u0131na teker teker bakal\u0131m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130nternet Nedir?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0130nternet, d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda kurulan bilgisayar a\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n birbirleriyle konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan geni\u015f bir ileti\u015fim a\u011f\u0131 sistemidir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bireyler, \u015firketler, h\u00fck\u00fcmetler, \u00fcniversiteler ve di\u011fer kurulu\u015flar taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131l\u0131r. \u0130nternet sayesinde dijital verilere d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda eri\u015filir. Alt yap\u0131s\u0131; kablolar, bilgisayarlar, sunucular, y\u00f6nlendiriciler, veri merkezleri, uydular ve Wi-Fi kuleleri \u00fczerine kuruludur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130nternetin Tarih\u00e7esi<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0130nternetin tarih\u00e7esi 1960\u2019lara dayan\u0131r. \u0130lk olarak ABD\u2019deki devlet b\u00fcnyesinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n veri payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. So\u011fuk sava\u015f ve Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin Sputnik uydusunu uzaya f\u0131rlatmas\u0131 ile ABD bir n\u00fckleer sald\u0131r\u0131 sonras\u0131 ileti\u015fim kurma planlar\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015f ve sonu\u00e7 olarak da ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) kurulmu\u015ftur. Ancak ARPANET\u2019in kullan\u0131m\u0131 Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile anla\u015fmal\u0131 akademik ara\u015ft\u0131rma merkezleri ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1 Ocak 1983 ise \u0130nternet\u2019in resmi do\u011fum g\u00fcn\u00fc olarak kabul edilir. Yeni bir ileti\u015fim protokol\u00fc olan \u201cTransfer Control Protocol \/ Internetwork Protocol (TCP\/IP)\u201dnin geli\u015ftirilmesi bu ad\u0131m\u0131n arkas\u0131nda yatan ger\u00e7ektir. Bu sayede farkl\u0131 bilgisayarlar ve a\u011flar birbirleri ile irtibat kurabildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Daha sonra dosya transferine izin veren FTP (File Transfer Protocol), download\u2019u kolayla\u015ft\u0131ran Gopher ve uzaktaki bilgisayarlara ba\u011flanmay\u0131 sa\u011flayan Telnet\u2019in bulunmas\u0131, \u0130nternet\u2019in yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. Ard\u0131ndan e-posta, Usenet ve sohbet olana\u011f\u0131 veren IRC (Internet Relay Chat) ile \u0130nternet kullan\u0131m\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

World Wide Web (WWW) 1980\u2019lerde \u0130svi\u00e7re\u2019de geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f olsa da geli\u015ftirilme dili olan HTML (HyperText Markup Language)\u2019in ilerlemesi web sayfas\u0131 yapmay\u0131 pratikle\u015ftirdi. \u0130nternet Explorer\u2019a alternatif olarak geli\u015ftirilen Netscape bir d\u00f6neme damga vurdu. \u0130nternet kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 artt\u0131k\u00e7a domain<\/strong><\/a> adresleri de \u00f6nem kazand\u0131. Mosaic, Yahoo gibi 90\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llara ad\u0131n\u0131 yazd\u0131ran arama motorlar\u0131 ise zamanla yerini Google, Yandex gibi arama motorlar\u0131na b\u0131rakt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ise \u0130nternet ilk defa 12 Nisan 1993 tarihinde kullan\u0131ld\u0131. 1991 Y\u0131l\u0131nda ODT\u00dc ve T\u00dcB\u0130TAK i\u015fbirli\u011fi ile \u0130nternet a\u011f\u0131 projesi devreye girdi. \u0130lk olarak belli ba\u015fl\u0131 \u00fcniversiteler bu a\u011fa ba\u011fland\u0131. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde T\u00fcrkiye b\u00fcnyesinde 48 milyon ki\u015finin \u0130nternet ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 bulunuyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130nternet Nas\u0131l \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bu kadar h\u0131zl\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcyen ve adeta \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n gidi\u015fini de\u011fi\u015ftiren \u0130nternet nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor? Sosyal medya sitelerinin geli\u015fmesiyle kullan\u0131m\u0131 \u00e7ok daha artan \u0130nternet, devasa bir a\u011fd\u0131r. Bu a\u011f \u00fczerinde sunucular, y\u00f6nlendiriciler, bilgisayarlar bulunur. A\u011fa ba\u011fl\u0131 her cihaz bir IP adresine sahiptir. IP; Internet Protocol kelimelerinin k\u0131saltmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IP adresleri say\u0131 bloklar\u0131ndan olu\u015fur ve ak\u0131lda tutmas\u0131 zordur. Bu sebeple DNS (Domain Name Server) adresleme sistemi bulunur ve DNS bu rakam setleri yerine harf dizisi kullan\u0131mas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. \u00d6rne\u011fin; 208.173.208.152 IP adresi yazmak yerine www.hotmail.com domain adresi yazmak yeterli olur. Web sitelerinin adreslerinin sonundaki .com, .edu, .gov, gibi uzant\u0131lar domain uzant\u0131s\u0131 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r ve bu sitelerin hangi ama\u00e7la kuruldu\u011funu ya da hangi \u00fclkede oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IP adresi nedir ve IP adresi sorgulamas\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmek i\u00e7in t\u0131klay\u0131n<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Taray\u0131c\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n adres b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne yaz\u0131lan web adresi, ilk a\u015famada World Wide Web\u2019in ana unsuru olan DNS sistemi ile istenen web sayfas\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu web sunucusunun IP adresine y\u00f6nlendirilir. Ard\u0131ndan bulunan IP adresi web taray\u0131c\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6nderilir. Web siteleri, web sunucular\u0131nda tutulur. ISP (\u0130nternet Servis Sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131)\u2019ler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda birbirine ba\u011fl\u0131 a\u011flara eri\u015filir ve istenilen veri saniyeler i\u00e7inde sunuculardan taray\u0131c\u0131ya gelir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1981 Y\u0131l\u0131nda geli\u015ftirilen IP sistemi olan IPV4 yak\u0131n zamanda kullan\u0131m s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na eri\u015fece\u011fi i\u00e7in, \u00e7ok daha y\u00fcksek bir kapasiteye sahip olan 128 bitlik adresleme sistemiyle IPv6 yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 beklenmektedir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde yediden yetmi\u015fe her ya\u015ftan bireye hitap eden internet nedir? Ne zaman ve hangi ama\u00e7larla geli\u015ftirildi? \u0130lk kimler…\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":31104,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[652],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-31652","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-nedir"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.natro.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31652","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.natro.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.natro.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.natro.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.natro.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=31652"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.natro.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31652\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":33435,"href":"https:\/\/www.natro.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31652\/revisions\/33435"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.natro.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/31104"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.natro.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=31652"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.natro.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=31652"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.natro.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=31652"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}