{"id":31627,"date":"2021-10-19T16:19:20","date_gmt":"2021-10-19T13:19:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.natro.com\/blog\/?p=31627"},"modified":"2021-10-21T17:09:31","modified_gmt":"2021-10-21T14:09:31","slug":"http-nedir-nasil-calisir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.natro.com\/blog\/http-nedir-nasil-calisir\/","title":{"rendered":"HTTP Nedir, Nas\u0131l \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

HTTP<\/strong> yani \u201cHyper Text Transfer Protocol\u201d, web sayfalar\u0131n\u0131n a\u011f \u00fczerinden kullan\u0131c\u0131ya ne \u015fekilde aktar\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren, ortak kullan\u0131ma a\u00e7\u0131k bir ileti\u015fim protokol\u00fcd\u00fcr. Ayn\u0131 zamanda HTTP, istemci rol\u00fcndeki bilgisayar ile sunucu aras\u0131ndaki al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fin kurallar\u0131n\u0131 belirler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

HTTP Nas\u0131l \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r?<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0130stemci yani bilgisayar, sunucuya bir web browser arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla istek g\u00f6nderir. \u0130ste\u011fi alan sunucu, Apache ya da IIS gibi sunucu programlar\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla talep i\u00e7in yan\u0131t verir. HTTP, port olarak 80\u2019i kullanarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r bu al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fin kurallar\u0131n\u0131 belirler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bir sunucu ya da bar\u0131nd\u0131rma hizmetine y\u00f6nlendirmek i\u00e7in domain<\/strong><\/a> sahibi olabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

HTTP Tabanl\u0131 Sistemlerin Bile\u015fenleri<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0130nternet a\u011f\u0131nda sunucular (server\u2019lar) ve kullan\u0131c\u0131lar aras\u0131nda veri transferinin kurallar\u0131n\u0131 belirleyen HTTP\u2019nin \u00fc\u00e7 temel bile\u015feni mevcuttur:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kullan\u0131c\u0131 Arac\u0131s\u0131 (Taray\u0131c\u0131)<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Web taray\u0131c\u0131s\u0131, a\u011f taray\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 ya da browser; World Wide Web (WWW) \u00fczerinde bulunan internet sitesi, resim, video gibi i\u00e7eriklerin g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclenmesine yarayan yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131n genel ad\u0131d\u0131r. Kullan\u0131c\u0131, web taray\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 kullanarak WWW \u00fczerinde bulunan bilgi kaynaklar\u0131 aras\u0131nda dola\u015fabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Web Sunucusu<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Web sunucusu, hosting<\/strong> <\/a>yani bar\u0131nd\u0131rma i\u015flemini internet protokol\u00fc \u00fczerinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmeye yarayan bir sunucudur. Hosting; web siteleri, videolar, resimler gibi i\u00e7erikleri internette yay\u0131nlamak i\u00e7in ihtiya\u00e7 duyulan alan\u0131n kiralanmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosting sahibi olmak ve bar\u0131nd\u0131rma se\u00e7enekleri incelemek i\u00e7in t\u0131klay\u0131n\u0131z<\/a>.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Proxy<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Vekil sunucu, yetkili sunucu ya da proxy; internete eri\u015fim i\u00e7in ihtiya\u00e7 duyulan bir ara sunucudur. Taray\u0131c\u0131, as\u0131l sunucu yerine \u00f6ncelikle vekil sunucuya ba\u011flan\u0131r ve hangi sayfay\u0131 talep etti\u011fini s\u00f6yler. Vekil sunucu, sadece gerekli durumlarda o sayfaya ba\u011flan\u0131r ve i\u00e7eri\u011fi alarak taray\u0131c\u0131ya g\u00f6nderir. Proxy genellikle veri h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131, kimlik sahtekarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve reklam doland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi tehlikelerden korunmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

HTTP Mesajlar\u0131<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

HTTP sunucusu taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lan HTTP mesajlar\u0131 iki \u00e7e\u015fittir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mesaj \u0130ste\u011fi<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Bir istek mesaj\u0131; ilk istek sat\u0131r\u0131ndan (GET \/path\/to\/file\/index.html HTTP \/ 1.0), ba\u015fl\u0131k alanlar\u0131ndan (\u00f6rne\u011fin, Accept-Language: tr), bo\u015f sat\u0131rdan ve iste\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131 mesaj b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yan\u0131t Mesaj\u0131<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Durum sat\u0131r\u0131 olarak da bilinen yan\u0131t mesaj\u0131; durum kodunu ve sebep mesaj\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren bir durum sat\u0131r\u0131ndan (\u00f6rne\u011fin, HTTP\/1.0 404 Not Found), yan\u0131t ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alanlar\u0131ndan (\u00f6rne\u011fin, \u0130\u00e7erik T\u00fcr\u00fc: metin\/html), bo\u015f sat\u0131rdan ve iste\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131 mesaj b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

HTTP Durum Kodlar\u0131<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Durum sat\u0131r\u0131, bir say\u0131sal durum kodu (\u00f6rne\u011fin, 404) ve (\u201cBulunamad\u0131\u201d gibi) bir sebep c\u00fcmlesi i\u00e7erir. 1XX say\u0131l\u0131 kodlar bilgi verme ama\u00e7l\u0131, 2XX say\u0131l\u0131 kodlar i\u015flemin ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011funu bildirme ama\u00e7l\u0131, 3XX say\u0131l\u0131 kodlar y\u00f6nlendirme ama\u00e7l\u0131, 4XX say\u0131l\u0131 kodlar istemci hatas\u0131n\u0131 bildirme ama\u00e7l\u0131, 5XX say\u0131l\u0131 kodlar ise sunucu hatas\u0131n\u0131 bildirme ama\u00e7l\u0131 kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

HTTP Versiyonlar\u0131<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

1989 y\u0131l\u0131nda CERN\u2019de geli\u015ftirme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na ba\u015flanan HTTP\u2019nin (HTTP 1.0) zamanla farkl\u0131 versiyonlar\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

HTTP 1.1<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0130lk olarak 1997\u2019de belgelenen HTTP 1.1, her kaynak iste\u011fi i\u00e7in ayn\u0131 sunucuya ayr\u0131 bir ba\u011flant\u0131 yap\u0131lan HTTP 1.0\u2019\u0131n daha h\u0131zl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir revizyonudur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

HTTP 2<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

May\u0131s 2015\u2019te RFC 7540 olarak yay\u0131nlanan HTTP 2, HTTP\u2019nin ikinci ana s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcd\u00fcr. HTTP 1.1\u2019den fark\u0131, verinin sunucu ve istemci aras\u0131nda \u00e7er\u00e7evelenme ve ta\u015f\u0131nma y\u00f6ntemidir. Bu y\u00f6ntem sayesinde, \u00f6zellikle, yeni uygulamalar taraf\u0131ndan tercih edilen art\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f h\u0131z avantaj\u0131 yakalan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

HTTP 3<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

HTTP protokol\u00fcn\u00fcn yak\u0131n zamanda \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 beklenen \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ve ana s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc HTTP 3, Temmuz 2021\u2019de tan\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma mant\u0131\u011f\u0131 di\u011fer s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerle ayn\u0131 HTTP semanti\u011fine dayanan HTTP 3\u2019\u00fcn HTTP 1.1 ve HTTP 2\u2019den en b\u00fcy\u00fck fark\u0131, bu semanti\u011fin temel aktar\u0131mlara da i\u015flenmesidir. Bu s\u00fcr\u00fcm, ta\u015f\u0131ma katman\u0131 a\u011f protokol\u00fc olan ve UDP \u00fczerindeki kullan\u0131c\u0131 alan\u0131 t\u0131kan\u0131kl\u0131k kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc kullanan QUIC\u2019den yararlanarak sat\u0131r ba\u015f\u0131 engelleme problemini (HTTP 2 s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn en temel problemi) \u00e7\u00f6zer. HTTP 3, hen\u00fcz bir taslak olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen web taray\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n %73\u2019\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan ve W3Techs\u2019e g\u00f6re ilk 10 milyon web sitesinin %22\u2019si taraf\u0131ndan desteklenmektedir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"HTTP yani \u201cHyper Text Transfer Protocol\u201d, web sayfalar\u0131n\u0131n a\u011f \u00fczerinden kullan\u0131c\u0131ya ne \u015fekilde aktar\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren, ortak kullan\u0131ma a\u00e7\u0131k…\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":13066,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[652],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-31627","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-nedir"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.natro.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31627","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.natro.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.natro.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.natro.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.natro.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=31627"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.natro.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31627\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.natro.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13066"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.natro.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=31627"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.natro.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=31627"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.natro.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=31627"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}