{"id":13865,"date":"2017-12-21T14:46:57","date_gmt":"2017-12-21T11:46:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.natro.com\/?p=13865"},"modified":"2018-12-12T17:46:32","modified_gmt":"2018-12-12T14:46:32","slug":"ssh-nedir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.natro.com\/blog\/ssh-nedir\/","title":{"rendered":"SSH Nedir? SSH Nas\u0131l Kullan\u0131l\u0131r?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>WordPress, Joomla ve benzeri haz\u0131r php scriptlerinin yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131yla beraber daha fazla ilgi \u00e7ekmeye ba\u015flayan<strong> linux<\/strong> yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fmezi SSH kavram\u0131n\u0131 ele alaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"ssh-nedir\">SSH Nedir ?<\/h4>\n<p>SSH, Unix sunucular\u0131na ba\u011flan\u0131rken TELNET\u2019e alternatif olarak yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, g\u00fcvenli\u011fi artt\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir program yap\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. SSH kavram\u0131 komut i\u015flemleri i\u00e7in <strong>\u201cSecure Shell Client\u201d<\/strong> ve dosya transferleri i\u00e7in <strong>\u201cSecure File Transfer Client\u201d<\/strong> yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fcnyesinde bulundurur. Bu sayede SSH uzaktaki bir makinada oturum a\u00e7abilir ve komut istekleriyle makinan\u0131n y\u00f6netimini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilir.<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"ssh-nasil-kullanilir\">SSH Nas\u0131l Kullan\u0131l\u0131r?<\/h4>\n<p>Uzak veya local cihazda SSH kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilebilmesi i\u00e7in, cihazda \u201c<strong>openshh\u201d<\/strong>\u0131n kurulu olmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Genelde bir\u00e7ok unix i\u015fletim sistemi openssh servisini kurulu halde son kullan\u0131c\u0131ya sunar. Unix ve SSH kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131, uzak cihaz\u0131n y\u00f6netimini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilmek i\u00e7in en \u00e7ok <strong>PUTTY<\/strong> program\u0131n\u0131 tercih etmektedir. Yaz\u0131n\u0131n devam\u0131nda, PUTTY program\u0131yla SSH ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve SSH \u00fczerinden sunucu y\u00f6netimi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilirken en \u00e7ok kullan\u0131lan komutlar\u0131 ele alaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Not: <em>Putty program\u0131n\u0131 \u00fccretsiz bir \u015fekilde indirebilmek <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chiark.greenend.org.uk\/~sgtatham\/putty\/latest.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>buraya<\/strong> <\/a>t\u0131klayabilirsiniz.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><strong>Putty<\/strong> program\u0131n\u0131 indirme i\u015fleminizi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdiyseniz, \u015fimdi uzak sunucunuza eri\u015fimi ger\u00e7ekel\u015ftirebilirsiniz. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ekran g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fcnde g\u00f6rebilece\u011finiz gibi, bizi kar\u015f\u0131layan putty ekran\u0131nda Host Name k\u0131sm\u0131na, eri\u015fimi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirece\u011fimiz uzak sunucu <strong>IP<\/strong> adresini yaz\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n<p>Unix sunucularda default olarak <strong>SSH<\/strong> portu <strong>22<\/strong> olarak gelmektedir. Fakat kullan\u0131c\u0131lar Unix g\u00fcvenlik yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnerek standart portun de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilir. Biz testlerimizi 22 portunu baz alarak devam ettirece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-13868\" src=\"https:\/\/www.natro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/1-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"607\" height=\"539\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.natro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/1-1.png 607w, https:\/\/www.natro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/1-1-300x266.png 300w, https:\/\/www.natro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/1-1-545x484.png 545w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 607px) 100vw, 607px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Local veya uzak sunucu <strong>IP<\/strong> adresi ve sunucuya ait portu yazarak <strong>SSH<\/strong> eri\u015fimini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiriyoruz. Eri\u015fimi sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, sizi kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131 ve \u015fifre girece\u011finiz ekran kar\u015f\u0131layacakt\u0131r. Sunucunuza ait kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131 ve \u015fifresini yazarak i\u015fleminize devam edebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-13869\" src=\"https:\/\/www.natro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/2-1024x780.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"780\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.natro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/2-1024x780.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.natro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/2-300x229.png 300w, https:\/\/www.natro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/2-768x585.png 768w, https:\/\/www.natro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/2-545x415.png 545w, https:\/\/www.natro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/2.png 1076w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Uzak veya\u00a0 local sunucumuza eri\u015fimi sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131za g\u00f6re Unix yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6netebilmek i\u00e7in en s\u0131k kullan\u0131lan komut sat\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 ele alabiliriz. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da payla\u015fm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fum komutlar, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 seviyesinde sunucu y\u00f6netimini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilmeniz i\u00e7in yeterli olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u201c\/ cd:<\/strong> Dizinle aras\u0131 dola\u015fman\u0131za yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacak komutur. \u00d6rnek komut sat\u0131r\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dad\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>cd \/var\/log\/httpd\/<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-13870\" src=\"https:\/\/www.natro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/3-1024x784.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"784\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.natro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/3-1024x784.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.natro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/3-300x230.png 300w, https:\/\/www.natro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/3-768x588.png 768w, https:\/\/www.natro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/3-545x417.png 545w, https:\/\/www.natro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/3.png 1072w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m komut cd yard\u0131m\u0131yla <em><strong>\/var\/log\/httpd\/<\/strong><\/em> dizinine eri\u015fmenize yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u201c\/ ls:<\/strong> Dizinde bulunan t\u00fcm dosyalar\u0131 siler. \u015eimdi, bir \u00f6nceki \u00f6rnekte payla\u015f\u0131lan komutla <strong>LS<\/strong> komutunu birlikte kullanabiliriz.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>cd \/var\/log\/httpd\/<\/strong><\/em> komutuyla dizine eri\u015febilir ve bir sonraki ad\u0131mda <em><strong>ls -a<\/strong><\/em> komutunu girerek, gizli dosyalarla beraber dizinde bulunan t\u00fcm i\u00e7eri\u011fi listeleyebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<h5 id=\"ayrica-isinize-yarayabilecek-diger-ssh-komutlari-asagida-listelenmistir\">Ayr\u0131ca i\u015finize yarayabilecek di\u011fer <strong>SSH<\/strong> komutlar\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da listelenmi\u015ftir.<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>mkdir:<\/strong> Parametre olarak belirtece\u011finiz isim ile yeni bir klas\u00f6r olu\u015fturur.<\/li>\n<li><strong>touch:<\/strong> Parametre olarak belirtece\u011finiz isim ile yeni bir dosya olu\u015fturur.<\/li>\n<li><strong>rm:<\/strong> Dosya silmeye yarar.<\/li>\n<li><strong>rmdir:<\/strong> Belirtilen klas\u00f6r\u00fc silmeye yarar.<\/li>\n<li><strong>tail:<\/strong> Bir metin dosyas\u0131n\u0131n son birka\u00e7 sat\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Tail <strong>-f<\/strong> olarak bir log dosyas\u0131n\u0131 parametre verdi\u011finizde log dosyas\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011fini canl\u0131 olarak izleyebilirsiniz.<\/li>\n<li><strong>nano:<\/strong> Dosya d\u00fczenleme edit\u00f6r\u00fcd\u00fcr. Dosyalar\u0131 d\u00fczenlemek i\u00e7in nano kullan\u0131rken <strong>nano\/etc\/php.ini<\/strong> \u015feklinde a\u00e7abilir. Fakat unutulmamas\u0131 gereken bir konu; <strong>putty<\/strong> ile herhangi bir <strong>conf<\/strong> dosyas\u0131nda i\u015flem yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda, kaydederken putty kendi ekran\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi kaydedebilir. Bu durum yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z kodun alt sat\u0131ra ge\u00e7mesine ve conf dosyan\u0131z\u0131n bozulmas\u0131na neden olur. Bulunmas\u0131 zor bu sorun ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmamak i\u00e7in <strong>nano -w dosyayolu<\/strong> \u015feklinde kullanmaya \u00f6zen g\u00f6sterebilirsiniz.<\/li>\n<li><strong>service:<\/strong> Sunucudaki servisleri ba\u015flatmak, durumunu sorgulamak, kapatmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. (service httpd restart apache servisini restart eder )<\/li>\n<li><strong>ps:<\/strong> Sunucuda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan uygulamalar\u0131 g\u00f6rmenize yarar, ps komutunun bir\u00e7ok parametresi vard\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 id=\"ps-komutunun-parametreleri\">PS Komutunun Parametreleri<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>kill:<\/strong> PID numaras\u0131 verilen i\u015flemi durdurur.<\/li>\n<li><strong>killall:<\/strong> Belirtilen uygulamay\u0131 t\u00fcm \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan uygulamalar\u0131 ile beraber kapatmaya yarar.<\/li>\n<li><strong>kill -6:<\/strong> PID numaras\u0131 verilen eggdrop i\u015flemini durdurur.<\/li>\n<li><strong>who:<\/strong> Sunucuya ba\u011fl\u0131 kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 g\u00f6rmeye yarar.<\/li>\n<li><strong>uname:<\/strong> \u0130\u015fletim sisteminin \u00e7ekirdek versiyonunu g\u00f6sterir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>whoami:<\/strong> Kendi bilgilerinizi g\u00f6sterir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>df:<\/strong> Hard disk istatistiklerini g\u00f6sterir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>df -i:<\/strong> Sistemdeki inode listesini g\u00f6sterir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>watch:<\/strong> T\u0131rnak i\u00e7erisinde belirtece\u011finiz komutun s\u00fcrekli olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n<li><strong>whatis:<\/strong> Belirtilen komutun a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n<li><strong>scp:<\/strong> SFTP ile dosya transferi veya farkl\u0131 bir SSH \u00fczerine komut g\u00f6ndermeyi sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n<li><strong>ftp:<\/strong> FTP ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 ve i\u015flemlerini bu komutla yapabilirsiniz.<\/li>\n<li><strong>wget:<\/strong> Herhangi bir URL adresinden veri \u00e7ekmeye yarar.<\/li>\n<li><strong>passwd:<\/strong> root \u015fifrenizi de\u011f\u015ftirmeye yarar ard\u0131ndan yeni \u015fifrenizi iki kere girmenizi isteyecektir .<\/li>\n<li><strong>man:<\/strong> Komut hakk\u0131nda yard\u0131m g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcler.<\/li>\n<li><strong>reboot:<\/strong> Sunucunuzu yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><strong>shutdown:<\/strong> Sunucunuzun komple kapanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><strong>uptime:<\/strong> Sunucunuzun uptime ve load durumunu g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>tar:<\/strong> Dosya s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma veya s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f dosyalar\u0131 a\u00e7mak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"WordPress, Joomla ve benzeri haz\u0131r php scriptlerinin yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131yla beraber daha fazla ilgi \u00e7ekmeye ba\u015flayan linux yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fmezi SSH&hellip;\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":13871,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,652],"tags":[314],"class_list":{"0":"post-13865","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-genel","8":"category-nedir","9":"tag-ssh"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.natro.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13865","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.natro.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.natro.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.natro.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.natro.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13865"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.natro.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13865\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.natro.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13871"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.natro.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13865"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.natro.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13865"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.natro.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13865"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}